There are many ways to construct a human figure, but two
systems in particular are used by many different artists and help form the
basis of the human form.
The first method looked at is the Reilly method. Frank
Reilly used to be an illustrator and instructor in the 20th century.
He created a system of teaching that enabled students to quickly digest the
problems of drawing and painting by giving an abstract view into concepts and
defining schematics, building a noteworthy step-by-step course of action to
figure drawings.
This system came from several sources, starting with Dean
Cornwell and Frank Brangwyn and Frank Vincent DuMond. Reilly’s system became a
fashionable method in most of his American art schools. His figure drawing
approach is a linear one, starting with the structure of the figure before
advancing on to the anatomy, then shading and finally detailing. He started
this approach with the core of the figure: The Torso. Capturing the action of
the pose is probably the most important concern. The actions begin with the
head and then radiates through the spine into the limbs. To begin the drawing
you need to make six lines; the head, the centre of the head, the shoulder
line, the spine, the line relating the shoulders to the base of the pelvis and
finally the line showing the neck and hip relationship. These lines design and
define the core pose.
Arms and Legs
Once the core of the pose is established, the arms and legs
are attached to complete the action. This simple construction creates the
structure of the pose. The anatomy tis the depicted within the structure you
have created.
Muscles are woven like a fabric to the skeleton, connected
to the bones with tendons. The point when the tendon attaches to the bone is
defined as the insertion point. The figure abstraction helps place the major
muscle groups into an organised and fluid pattern, making it look relatively
simple to invent complex, realistic figures.
Further Fundamentals
Once you properly understand the figure those 6 basic lines
will constantly change and be rearranged to suit every pose and every different
situation. The standard set of lines that an artist can start with are just one
set of possibilities, a stock that will constantly flex or grow as a new image
is created.
All the systems used for drawing are designed for
teaching and should be left once the basics are mastered. However too many
followed rules can lead to pictorial sterility. It’s important to train and
practise as much as possible until the basics become background noise, that way
when you draw you can focus fully on the more important aspects of the image.
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